Bone bruise
A bone bruise results from compressive forces incurred during an injury. The damaged area occurs in the medullary portion of the bone and can be accompanied by bleeding and swelling.
Bruises A muscle bruise occurs when a direct blow from an object strikes part of the body, damaging the underlying muscle fibers and connective tissue without breaking the skin. A muscle bruise can cause pain and swelling and limited range of motion of the joint near the injury. DependiBruises are often caused by falls, sports injuries, car accidents, or blows received by other people or objects. Bruises can last from days to months, with the bone bruise being the most severe and painfulng upon the extent of injury, a muscle bruise can take days or months to heal

StrainsA strain occurs when a muscle or tendon (tissue that connects muscles to bones) is overstretched. Strains are usually caused by putting stress on tight or weak muscles.SprainsA sprain is a tear in a ligament (tissue that connects bones). Sprains are caused by a sudden, forceful twisting of a joint. If the tissue doesn't heal properly, the muscles may shorten. This causes the joint to misalign and tStrains and sprains are caused when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion, or when you overuse muscles that are out of shape or haven't been warmed up properly. Back strain can occur when you suddenly twist your back or lift withour bending your knees.he nerves to become chronically irritated
Myofascial sprain and strain of the cervical spine is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems encountered by clinicians. It can be caused by acute injuries such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, heavy lifting, as well as sleeping in the wrong position. It is usually self-remitting but can linger on for months with some patients. Sometimes, it can cause spasms in the surrounding muscles of the neck and cause the normal curvature of the cervical bones to straighten. All of this can be treated conservatively with the use of anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, and/or physical therapy. Other modalities include accupuncture treatments and massage therapy.

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) that work together to rotate the shoulder and to hold the humerus in the center of the glenoid socket. These muscles are small, and lie underneath the larger muscles of the shoulder such as the deltoid, trapezius, and pectoral muscles. They connect to the humerus via tendons. It is the tendon part of the rotator cuff that is usually inflamed or torn.


rotator cuff tendonitis

Anytime a muscle / tendon is overworked, it will become inflamed. The rotator cuff is frequently inflamed in throwers, along with the bursa that sits on top of the cuff. This tendonitis and bursitis is usually not dangerous but can be painful. The diagnosis requires a physical examination by a qualified Sports Medicine physician, and occasionally an MRI. The MRI is actually to rule out more severe problems such as a rotator cuff tear. The treatment is usually relative rest (decreasing but not stopping activities), anti-inflammatory activities, and physical therapy. The idea is to allow the overworked cuff a chance to recover and heal, diminish the inflammation, and strengthen the cuff so it can better tolerate the activities in the future.

If the rotator cuff is overworked for a long time, it may start to fray or tear, just as a rope that is pulled too hard too many times may fray and tear. In the thrower it is rare for the cuff to suddenly tear through and through, but it can happen gradually. Usually, the pain gets too great to pitch long before the tear penetrates all the way through the cuff tendon. It is interesting that this fraying is not always painful. Sometimes it is the inflammation (rather than the fraying) that hurts. Most Major League pitchers will have some visible evidence of fraying of the rotator cuff on their MRI’s, but this is not always painful! A thorough evaluation by an experienced shoulder physician is necessary to determine this. A MRI can tell us if the rotator cuff is frayed or partially torn, but it can’t tell us if that actually hurts! The history and physical examination are just as important in diagnosing a shoulder problem in a thrower.

the intergrates and controls the activities of the nervous system your brain helps you receive and process messages think,remember,and reason and coordinate muscle movements breathing digesting food, learning math,running a race,and remembering a family vacation are all of your senses. An adult humane brain weighs up to 3 pounds and sits in the protective cavity formed by the bones of the skull

your nervous system is a complex network that allows communication between the brain and all other areas of the body it also enables you to remember your part in a play or th time to meet your friends for a movie on friday night

neurons or nerve cells neurons are classified by their function sensory neurons ,motor neurons and interneurons interneurons communicate with and are found between other neurons illustrates the nerve impulse a neuron consists of three main parts

a nerve impulse begins when a sensory receptor is stimulated the impluse travels to the CNS and is interpreted with the help of an interneuron then a motor neuron carries the message to a muscle cell or gland in response to the stimulus

your nervous system coordinates all of the activities in your body from breathing or digesting food to sensing pain or feeling fear the brain .spinal cord and nerves work together nerves transmit messages back and forth to every organ ,tissue , and cell the nervous system has has two main divisions the central nervous system(CNS)consists of the brain and spinal cord